Six Sigma Hoax: The Way Professionals Deceive Science
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
59-81
Received:
21 February 2017
Accepted:
27 March 2017
Published:
5 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ns.20170203.11
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Abstract: Statistics is used in Physics (and in Nuclear Science as well): Six Sigma can be useful if properly applied; therefore scientists have to take into account the “correct” ideas. The document shows the ideas of the author to overcome the deep ignorance on Quality as it is found in many books dealing with Statistical Quality Control and Six Sigma. It is evident that there are many types of falseness provided by the “6 SigMONA practitioners”: they rob money from their clients that are not aware of that. When the 6σ BMWists say “A company’s performance is measured by the sigma level of their business processes” they lie: they do not know that, IF they compute s from the company’s data, they know the estimate s (NOT σ) AND s is never equal to σ! The 1st falseness is the statement “variation is the enemy of Quality”. The 2nd falseness is the statement “variability reduction is Quality”. The 3rd falseness is the wide-spread use of the “Normal Distribution”. The 4th falseness is the statement “the number of defectives is 3.4 ppm”. The “6 SigMONA movement” does not deal properly with problem prevention, as on the contrary is done by GIQA. Scientificness is absent in the “6 SigMONA applications” as shown in the authors books.
Abstract: Statistics is used in Physics (and in Nuclear Science as well): Six Sigma can be useful if properly applied; therefore scientists have to take into account the “correct” ideas. The document shows the ideas of the author to overcome the deep ignorance on Quality as it is found in many books dealing with Statistical Quality Control and Six Sigma. It ...
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An Analysis of GTRFW Initiation Using Finite Element Method
William Richard Campbell,
Jerry Chen
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
82-86
Received:
18 June 2017
Accepted:
3 July 2017
Published:
1 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ns.20170203.12
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Abstract: Understanding the Grid to rod fretting wear (GTRFW) initiation is critical for reducing the risk of fuel leak. In this paper, a simplified 3D FEA model is set up to analyze its mechanics. The initiation of GTRFW under a series of interferences was modeled and analyzed. It is found that slip and wear usually initiate from the edge of the grid to rod contact contour and eventually propagates to the entire contour. Due to the stress concentration, the contact at sharp corners should be avoided.
Abstract: Understanding the Grid to rod fretting wear (GTRFW) initiation is critical for reducing the risk of fuel leak. In this paper, a simplified 3D FEA model is set up to analyze its mechanics. The initiation of GTRFW under a series of interferences was modeled and analyzed. It is found that slip and wear usually initiate from the edge of the grid to rod...
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The State of the Art of the World Radioprotection System
Wagner de Souza Pereira,
Alphonse Germaine Albert Charles Kelecom,
Ademir Xavier da Silva,
Sarah Braga Magalhães
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
87-93
Received:
18 June 2017
Accepted:
14 July 2017
Published:
14 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ns.20170203.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Ionizing radiation can expose individuals, and this exposure may cause deleterious biological effects. Protection against these effects, called radioprotection is accomplished through actions at the source, on the exposure routes and on the individual. It is assumed a proportional relationship between increased exposure and increased risk of stochastic effects of exposure. This approach allows dividing the network events and exposure situations and evaluating steps which are important for radioprotection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the state of the art radiation protection recommendations published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). For operational reasons, the radioprotection needs to perform simplifications in the relations between sources and biological effects. The last simplification was made in 2007, dividing the relations according to the sources and individuals. The principles of radioprotection (justification, dose limitation and optimization) were maintained and strengthened. The ratio depending on the source allowed the inclusion in the sources of regulatory framework previously not included and definitions of dose constraint concepts and reference levels. All this, when used with the principle of optimization of radiation protection can restrict individual doses. The maintenance of the three radiation protection principles demonstrates the robustness of these principles, as well as the maintenance of the dose limits demonstrates the confidence of the radioprotection community in the safety of these limits. Brazilian radioprotection did not reach yet the state of the art described here and is still based on ICRP previous recommendation edited in 1990, but being the legal regulations for Brazil they must be obeyed. All legislation based on ICRP No 60 and subsequent recommendations are able to protect quite adequately the environment and workers, although they are not in the state of the art as defined by the ICRP No 103 and subsequent recommendations.
Abstract: Ionizing radiation can expose individuals, and this exposure may cause deleterious biological effects. Protection against these effects, called radioprotection is accomplished through actions at the source, on the exposure routes and on the individual. It is assumed a proportional relationship between increased exposure and increased risk of stocha...
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